Prevalence of dental caries in pediatric patients treated at the Community Medicine service of Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad

Abstract

Dental caries result from metabolic reactions within the dental biofilm, specifically the interaction of bacteria and sugary foods with the enamel, mediated by saliva. In Venezuela, the prevalence of dental caries among children has increased in recent years. Consequently, primary health care and preventive education are essential strategies to reduce the risk of developing this condition. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries in pediatric patients who attended Servicio de Medicina Comunitaria del CMDLT, during the period 2021–2024. A descriptive, cross-sectional investigation was conducted. The study population was obtained directly from the compilation of data recorded in the service’s registration forms, yielding a total of 241 pediatric patients evaluated. The variables analyzed included caries experience, age, oral hygiene habits, dmft index, and DMFT index. Examinations were performed by residents of Programa de Odontologia Integral del niño, who received training in caries detection and data collection procedures. The results revealed a high prevalence of dental caries (60%), with the most affected age group being children aged 6 to 10 years. Oral hygiene habits were found to be deficient, and both dmft and DMFT indices were elevated. Risk factors identified included lack of knowledge regarding oral hygiene practices and low attendance at dental consultations. It is recommended to strengthen educational campaigns aimed at promoting proper oral hygiene practices, with the goal of preventing and reducing the number of individuals affected by this disease, as well as ensuring appropriate care for pediatric patients.

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