Efficacy and biocompatibility of zirconia implants vs. titanium implants. Systematic review.

Abstract

Introduction: Oral implantology is constantly searching for more effective and biocompatible materials. Although titanium is the gold standard due to its durability, aesthetics, and biocompatibility, interest in zirconia implants is growing. This ceramic material is ideal for aesthetic restoration, as it avoids the dark effect of titanium. However, the long-term success of zirconia compared to titanium is still being investigated. Objective: To compare the efficacy and biocompatibility of zirconium versus titanium dental implants, based on currently available evidence. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted by compiling and evaluating clinical studies. Using the P.I.C.O. (Patient or Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) and P.R.I.S.M.A. (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a search structure was established for a qualitative analysis of the existing literature on the research. Results: Of the 1,208 articles consulted, four were selected that met the established criteria, and it was determined that, although zirconia implants are potentially more compatible with tissues, titanium continues to offer greater bone stability and survival. Conclusion: Zirconia dental implants are a viable alternative to titanium implants, especially in cases of high aesthetic demand, hypersensitivity, or thin periodontal biotype, because their clinical performance is similar to that of titanium implants. Nevertheless, further studies with standardized protocols are recommended in order to obtain more evidence about the comparison between the two materials.