Gut microbiota in patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Assessing current evidence. Systematic review.

Abstract

Gut Microbiota is defined as the assemblage of living microorganisms in a defined environment: the gut, which consists mainly in Gram negative bacteria that are linked to immunopathological events related to metabolic diseases such a Diabetes Mellitus type 1 and type 2. The objective is to analyze the current evidence on the relationship between Gut Microbiota and Diabetes Mellitus type 1 and type 2, the pathophysiological mechanisms led by lipopolysaccharides and its association with the pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus. A narrative review of 34 articles out of an initial selection of 50 is conducted using searchers such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, CrossRed and Scielo, typing key words: Gut Microbiota and Diabetes Mellitus type 1 and 2. Regarding microorganisms, bacteria such as Bacteroides spp. has been related to autoimmunity mechanisms in Diabetes Mellitus type 1 patients, and high levels of Akkermansia muciniphila have been associated as a protective factor in Diabetes Mellitus type 2 development. As a conclusion, Gut Microbiota and development of metabolic diseases is correlated in multiple researches, dysbiotic states lead to pathological features of multifactorial conditions such as Diabetes Mellitus type 1 and type 2.